Early European History by Webster, Hutton - table of contents

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Early European History By Hutton Webster, Ph.d. Preface

Suggestions For Further Study Periodicals Works On The Study And Teaching Of History Dictionaries And Encyclopedias Syllabi

Atlases Wall Maps And Charts

Illustrations

Works Of Travel Historical Fiction

Historical Poetry

Sources Modern Works General Works

Prehistoric Times Oriental History Greek And Roman History

Medieval History

Sound Writing; The Rebus Words And Syllables Letters Egyptian Hieroglyphics Phoenician Alphabet

Indo-europeans And Semites Principal Indo-european Peoples Principal Semitic Peoples Studies

Productions Of Babylonia Babylonia An Early Center Of Civilization Lower And Upper Egypt Egypt The Gift Of The Nile Annual Inundation Of The Nile

Egypt An Early Center Of Civilization 9. The Babylonians And The Egyptians Inhabitants Of Babylonia Hammurabi, King Of Babylonia, About 2000 B.c. Menes, King Of Egypt, About 3400 B.c.

The Pyramid Kings, About 3000-2500 B.c. After The Pyramid Kings The Egyptian Empire Imperial Splendor Of Egypt

Sargon Ii, 722-705 B.c. Sennacherib, 705-681 B.c. Downfall Of Assyria, 606 B.c. Partition Of Assyria

Organization Of The Persian Empire The Satrapal System Persian Roads Union Of The East Under Persia Studies

Footnotes Chapter Iii Oriental Civilization [1] 13. Social Classes Rediscovery Of The Orient

The Babylonian Epics The Hebrew Bible Egyptian Architecture

Astronomy Geography Practical Sciences The Temple School The Scribes

The Temple Library Widespread Popular Ignorance Studies Footnotes

Schliemann's Excavations At Troy Schliemann's Excavations At Mycenae And Tiryns Evans's Excavations At Gnossus

The Homeric Epics Industry Social Life Law And Morality Homeric Geography

24. Early Greek Religion The Olympian Council Attributes Of The Deities Conceptions Of The Deities Ideas Of The Other World

The Spartan Boy The Adult Spartan Excellence Of The Spartan Soldiery Athens As A City-state Oppressive Rule Of The Nobles

Draco's Code, 621 B.c. Legislation Of Solon, 594-593 B.c. Tyranny Of Pisistratus, 560-527 B.c. Reforms Of Clisthenes, 508-507 B.c. Athens A Democratic State

The Greek World, 500 B.c. Studies Footnotes

Chapter V The Great Age Of The Greek Republics To 362 B.c. [1] 31. The Perils Of Hellas Asiatic Greeks Conquered By Croesus Conquests Of Cyrus And Cambyses

33. Xerxes And The Great Persian War Preparations Of Persia Greek Preparations Battle Of Thermopylae, 480 B.c. After Thermopylae

Aristides And The Delian League, 477 B.c. Constitution Of The League Cimon And The War Against Persia The Delian League Becomes Subject To Athens, About 454 B.c. Decline Of Cimon's Influence

35. Athens Under Pericles Pericles Age Of Pericles, 461-429 B.c. Athenian Imperialism Nature Of The Athenian Democracy

Slavery Commercial Athens Artistic And Intellectual Athens 36. The Peloponnesian War, 431-404 B.c. Inevitableness Of The War

Origin Of The War Resources Of The Contestants First Stage Of The War, 431-421 B.c. Last Stage Of The War 413-404 B.c.

38. Decline Of The City-state Weakness Of City-states A Record Of Almost Ceaseless Conflict The Future Studies

Conquests Of Philip 40. Demosthenes And The End Of Greek Freedom Demosthenes, 384-322 B.c. Demosthenes As An Orator And A Patriot Last Struggle Of The Greeks

Fusion Of East And West 44. Hellenistic Kingdoms And Cities The Three Great Kingdoms Minor Independent States City Life In The Orient

The Museum At Alexandria The Alexandrian Library Scientific Discoveries Ancient And Modern Science Compared

Oriental Influence On The Greeks Greek Influence On The Orient The New Cosmopolitanism Studies

The Greeks The Italian Highlanders The Latins 49. The Romans Founding Of Rome

Union Of The Seven Hills Myths Of Early Rome Romulus And Remus Successors Of Romulus Significance Of The Myths

50. Early Roman Society The Romans An Agricultural People Economic Conditions Moral Character Of The Early Romans The Roman Family

51. Roman Religion Worship Of Ancestors The Household Deities Worship Of The Household Deities Janus And Vesta

The Republican Consuls The Dictator Patricians And Plebeians The Tribunes The Twelve Tables, 449 B.c.

53. Expansion Of Rome Over Italy, 509(?)-264 B.c. Rome Supreme In Latium, 338 B.c. Rome Supreme In Central Itlay, 290 B.c. Rome Supreme In Southern Italy, 264 B.c.

Uses Of Roman Roads Romanization Of Italy 55. The Roman Army The Legion Method Of Fighting

Fortified Camps Discipline: Rewards And Honors The Triumph Military Genius Of The Romans Studies

Footnotes Chapter Viii

First Victories Of Hannibal A Dictatorship Battle Of Cannae, 316 B.c. After Cannae

Evils Of The Provincial System The Profits Of Conquest Growth Of Luxury Disappearance Of The Peasantry The Exodus Of The Cities

Failure And Death Of Tiberius, 133 B.c. Gaius Gracchus Becomes Tribune, 123 B.c. Measures Of Gaius To Relieve The Poor An Effort To Extend Roman Citizenship

Marcus Tullius Cicero Impeachment Of Verres, 70 B.c. Conspiracy Of Catiline, 63 B.c. Rise Of Caesar

A Century Of Revolution The Future Studies

Footnotes

The Rhine Boundary The Augustan Age Deification Of Augustus 67. The Successors Of Augustus, 14-96 A.d. Julian And Claudian Caesars, 14-68 A.d.

Trajan The Conqueror Hadrian The Administrator Marcus Aurelius, The Philosopher On The Throne 69. The Provinces Of The Roman Empire The Standing Army

Principal Trade Routes Local Trading At Rome Free Laborers At Rome The Guilds Life Of The Working Classes

Monuments Of Roman Rule Romanization Of East And West

Studies Footnotes

Stoicism The Eleusinian Mysteries Influence Of The Mysteries Oriental Religions In The Roman Empire Mithra

The Worship Of Mithra Significance Of The Oriental Religions 78. Rise And Spread Of Christianity Christianity Among The Jews Missionary Labors Of Paul

Christianity Among The Gentiles Conditions Favoring The Spread Of Christianity Organization Of Early Christianity 79. The Persecutions Hostility Toward The Christians

Superstitious Fear Of The Christians Antagonism Of The Roman Government Attitude Of The Christians Toward Paganism Diocletian's Persecution, 303-311 A.d. The Martyrs

80. Triumph Of Christianity Christianity Becomes A Tolerated Religion Constantine's Conversion Church Council At Nicaea, 325 A.d. Christianity Becomes The State Religion Under Theodosius, 379-395 A.d.

81. Christian Influence On Society Moral Teachings Of Christianity Social Teachings Of Christianity Christianity And The Germans Studies

The Visigoths Cross The Danube, 376 A.d. Battle Of Adrianople, 378 A.d. Results Of The Battle Alaric The Visigoth Alaric In Greece And Italy

89. Education And The Condition Of Children Importance Of Male Children Infanticide Names Greek Education

Roman Education Travel And Study Abroad 90. Marriage And The Position Of Women Engagements Wedding Customs

The Atrium The Peristyle Business Of The Forenoon Occupations In The Afternoon The Evening Meal

Morning Round Of A Roman Noble The Afternoon Exercise And Bath The Late Dinner 92. Amusements Athenian Religious Festivals

Features Of A Greek Play Pantomime And Vaudeville At Rome Chariot Races Animal Baitings

Lyric Poetry Athenian Tragedy Athenian Comedy History

Plato Aristotle Epicureanism Stoicism

Hills Of Rome Walls And Open Spaces Public Buildings The Forum

Approach To The Forum The Forum To-day The Forum In Antiquity The Grandeur Of Rome Studies

Footnotes

106. The Reign Of Charlemagne, 768-814 A.d. Charlemagne The Man Conquest And Conversion Of The Saxons, 772-804 A.d. Conquest Of The Lombards, 774 A.d.

Charlemagne's Other Conquests Charlemagne's Government Revival Of Learning Under Charlemagne 107. Charlemagne And The Revival Of The Roman Empire, 800 A.d. Coronation Of Charlemagne, 800 A.d.

Importance Of The Two Treaties Renewed Barbarian Invasions 109. Germany Under The Saxon Kings, 919-973 A.d. The German Stem-duchies Elective Kingship Of Germany

Hindrances To The Fusion Of Germans And Romans Conditions Favoring Fusion Contrast Between East And West Studies

Footnotes

Conquests Of Justinian Codification Of Roman Law Civilizing Work Of Justinian 116. The Empire And Its Asiatic Foes After Justinian

Influence Of Byzantine Art Literature And Learning 119. Constantinople Position Of Constantinople Constantinople As A Natural Citadel

Monuments Of Constantinople Historic Significance Of Constantinople Studies

The Patriarchs Clergy And Laity Heresies Worship

The Monastery Buildings Monastic Occupations Attractiveness Of The Monastic Life The Monks As Civilizers

Final Extension Of Roman Catholicism 127. Separation Of Eastern And Western Christianity Divergence Of East And West The Papacy And The Eastern Emperors Rise Of The Patriarchate Of Constantinople

The Final Rupture, 1054 A.d. 128. The Greek Church The Greek And Roman Church Compared Spread Of The Greek Church

Footnotes

Arabian Heathenism 131. Mohammed: Prophet And Statesman, 622-632 A.d. Early Life Of Mohammed Mohammed's Visions The Hegira, 622 A.d.

Islam As A Political Force Arab Conquests In The East, 632-642 A.d. Treatment Of The Conquered Peoples Later Arab Conquests Siege Of Constantinople, 716-717 A.d.

Mathematics And Astronomy Romance And Poetry Architecture

Footnotes

Prehistoric Times In Scandinavia 139. The Viking Age Dawn Of History In Scandinavia The Northmen As Sailors Ships Of The Northmen

The God Thor Thor's Deeds Of Strength Myth Of Balder "twilight Of The Gods" Valhalla

The Danelaw Civilizing Activities Of Alfred Alfred's Character From Alfred To The Norman Conquest, 901-1066 A.d.

Harold And William William's Preparations Battle Of Hastings, 1066 A.d. William Becomes King William's Personality

Footnotes Chapter Xviii Feudalism 149. Rise Of Feudalism A Dark Age

Abolition Of Private Warfare 153. The Castle And Life Of The Nobles Development Of The Castle The Castle As A Fortress

A Castle Described The Castle As A Residence Amusements Of The Nobles 154. Knighthood And Chivalry Apprenticeship Of The Knight

Conferring Of Knighthood Chivalry The Chivalric Code Jousts And Tournaments

The Church And Feudalism Studies Footnotes

The Sacramental System Baptism, Confirmation, Matrimony, And Extreme Unction Penance Holy Eucharist Ordination

The Cluniac Revival The "congregation Of Cluny" The Cistercian Order St. Bernard, 1090-1153 A.d.

164. The Friars Coming Of The Friars St. Francis, 1181(?)-1226 A.d. St. Francis, The Man St. Dominic, 1170-1221 A.d.

The Church And Slavery And Serfdom Democracy Of The Church The Clergy As The Only Educated Class Importance Of The Clergy Studies

Footnotes Chapter Xx The Occident Against The Orient; The Crusades, 1095-1291 A.d. [1] 169. Causes Of The Crusades Place Of The Crusades In History

The Crusades And Commerce The Crusades And Intellectual Life Significance Of The Crusades Studies Footnotes

The National State And Feudalism The New Monarchies The Sentiment Of Nationality The Last Invasion Of England William's Despotic Rule

William And Feudalism Domesday Book, 1085 A.d. The Salisbury Oath, 1086 A.d. The King's Court

Wales Conquest Of Wales Scotland The Scottosh Kingdom Scotland Annexed By Edward I

Reasons For The War Battles Of Crecy, 1346 A.d., And Poitiers, 1356 A.d. The "black Prince" Renewal Of The War The "maid Of Orleans," 1429 A.d.

Political Germany Studies Footnotes

A City From Within Unsanitary Conditions Civic Regulations Public Buildings Municipal Government

Organization Of Craft Guilds Activities Of Craft Guilds 195. Trade And Commerce Markets "just Price"

Fairs Fairs And Commerce Decline Of Commerce In The Middle Ages Commercial Revival After The Crusades Asiatic Trade Routes

The Jews As Money Lenders Italian Banking 197. Italian Cities The City Republics Milan

Pisa Florence Genoa Situation Of Venice Venetian Commerce

Bruges, Ghent And Ypres Flanders And France The Cities And Civilization Studies

Footnotes Chapter Xxiv Medieval Civilization [1] 200. Formation Of National Languages The 12th And 13th Centuries

Changes In Anglo-saxon Development Of English English As A World-language 201. Development Of National Literatures Latin Hymns

Latin Students' Songs Songs Of The Troubadours The French Epic The Charlemagne Legend Song Of Roland

The Arthurian Romances The Nibelingenlied Reynard The Fox The Robin Hood Ballads

202. Romanesque And Gothic Architecture; The Cathedrals Two Architectural Styles The Romanesque Church Vaulting And The Round Arch

The Gothic Style Ribbed Vaulting And The Flying Buttress The Pointed Arch Gothic Ornament

Colleges Faculties 204. Scholasticism Theological Study Abelard And Freedom Of Thought

Gunpowder Chemistry And Alchemy Astronomy And Astrology Medieval Credulity

Central Period Of The Middle Ages Studies Footnotes

Influence Of The Classic Tradition Byzantine, Arabic, And Norman Influence 210. Revival Of Learning In Italy The Classics In The Middle Ages Dante Alighieri 1265-1321 A.d.

Incunabula Importance Of Printing 212. Revival Of Art In Italy Architecture Sculpture

Michelangelo, 1475-1564 A.d. Rise Of Italian Painting Characteristics Of Italian Painting The "old Masters"

Chaucer, 1340(?)-1400 A.d. Shakespeare, 1564-1616 A.d. Personality In Renaissance Literature 215. The Renaissance In Education Humanism And Education

Decline Of Serfdom The "black Death" Effects Of The "black Death" First Statute Of Laborers, 1351 A.d. The Peasants' Rebellion, 1381 A.d.

The Jacquerie, 1358 A.d. Extinction Of Serfdom Condition Of The Peasantry Studies

The Cosmas Map The Hereford Map Opening Up Of Asia Legend Of Prester John The Polos In The East, 1271-1295 A.d.

The Commercial Motive 220. To The Indies Eastward: Prince Henry And Da Gama Prince Henry The Navigator, 1394-1460 A.d. Exploration Of The African Coast Da Gama's Voyage, 1497-1499 A.d.

222. To The Indies Westward: Columbus And Magellan The Globular Theory Myth Of Atlantis Behaim's Globe Columbus, 1446(?)-1506 A.d.

Circumnavigation Of The Globe, 1519-1522 A.d. 223. The Indians Peopling Of America The American Aborigines Indian Culture

Treatment Of The Indians Conversion Of The Indians The California Missions Spanish American Civilization Spanish Colonial Policy

Shifting Of Trade Routes Increased Production Of The Precious Metals Consequences Of The Enlarged Money Supply New Commodities Imported Political Effects Of The Discoveries

Effects Of The Discoveries Upon Religion Studies Footnotes

Boniface And Philip The Fair Anagni, 1303 A.d. The "babylonion Captivity," 1309-1377 A.d. The "great Schism," 1378-1417 A.d. Council Of Constance, 1414-1418 A.d.

Crusade Against The Albigenses, 1209-1229 A.d. The Waldenses John Wycliffe, 1320-1384 A.d. The Lollards John Huss, 1373(?)-1415 A.d.

The Hussite Wars Martin Luther, 1483-1546 A.d. Tetzel And Indulgences Posting Of The Ninety-five Theses, 1517 A.d.

The Divorce, 1533 A.d. Act Of Supremacy, 1534 A.d. The Monasteries Suppressed Progress Of The Reformation Under Edward Vi, 1547-1553 A.d.

Protestantism In England Treatment Of Roman Catholics Protestantism In Ireland Elizabeth And Mary Queen Of Scots Elizabeth And Philip Ii

Massacre Of St. Bartholomew's Day, 1572 A.d. Henry Iv Edict Of Nantes, 1598 A.d. France Under Henry Iv, 1588-1610 A.d.

The European State System Studies Footnotes

Louis Xiv, The King Absolutism In France 243. France Under Louis Xiv Colbert Colbert's Economic Measures

A Third War, 1689-1697 A.d. The Spanish Succession War Of The Spanish Succession, 1702-1713 A.d. Peace Of Utrecht, 1713 A.d.

James I On Divine Right James I And Parliament James I And Puritanism Charles I, King, 1625-1649 A.d. Petition Of Right, 1628 A.d.

Personal Rule Of Charles I, 1629-1640 A.d. John Hampden And "ship-money" Laud's Ecclesiastical Policy The Long Parliament, 1640 A.d.

Presybterians And Independents "pride's Purge," 1648 A.d. Execution Of Charles I, 1649 A.d. 247. The Commonwealth And The Protectorate, 1649-1660 A.d. England A Republic

Subjection Of Ireland Scotland Subdued Dissolution Of The "rump Parliament," 1653 A.d. The Instrument Of Government Cromwell As Lord Protector, 1653-1658 A.d.

Whigs And Tories Reign Of James Ii, 1685-1688 A.d. Accession Of William And Mary, 1689 A.d. The Bill Of Rights The Toleration Act

The "glorious Revolution" 249. England In The Seventeenth Century Social England Economic England Scientific Progress

Progress Of Art Literature Position Of England Studies

Footnotes Appendix Table Of Events And Dates

The Orient B.c. Greece B.c.

B.c.

A.d.